The Evolution from Internal Roll to Lying Flat in Japan
The transcript explores the phenomenon of "internal roll" (intense competition) in China and compares it to Japan's historical shift from a culture of relentless striving to one of acceptance and a more relaxed approach to life, often referred to as "lying flat." It delves into the causes and consequences of this transformation, offering insights into the social and economic factors at play.
The "King of Qinghua" and the Pressures of Competition in China
In the latter half of 2020, images surfaced of students at Qinghua High School, China's top high school, engrossed in studying. Some were reading in bed, others biking with books, and even graduate students were seen using computers while cycling. These students were nicknamed the "King of Qinghua." A newspaper article referred to outstanding high school students as the "King of Jidian," highlighting the intense pressure faced by China's brightest young minds. The article suggests that these young individuals, despite their intelligence, encounter difficulties in an extremely competitive environment. The pressure to succeed can suppress personal growth, forcing them into a constant struggle where even hard work barely maintains their position.
Wen Zhong argues that the unchanged number of admissions at top universities, coupled with societal and parental pressure, leads to a self-destructive cycle of competition. Resources are not expanding while the number of players increases, causing individuals to compete fiercely for the same limited opportunities. This intense competition, or "internal roll," has become a prevalent societal norm, leading many young people to consider "lying flat" as a form of resistance.
The Roots of "Internal Roll": Clifford Gers and the Indonesian Example
The concept of "internal roll" was initially proposed by American sociologist Clifford Gers in the 1960s. He observed that in the context of agricultural production in Chihuahua Island, limited resources led to a cycle of intensified labor (planting more water) that ultimately resulted in greater poverty. This suggests that increasing effort in a system with fixed or shrinking resources does not necessarily lead to better outcomes.
Japan's Bubble Economy and the Illusion of Abundance
Before the economic bubble burst, Japan experienced a period of unprecedented economic growth. This "miracle era" was marked by lifelong employment and expanding wealth, creating a sense of optimism and opportunity. Middle-class individuals aspired to acquire small capital, while the upper class sought even greater heights. This relentless upward mobility fueled a constant demand for high-end resources.
However, the bubble economy created an illusion of abundance, breaking the sense of scarcity. Money was readily available, enabling ordinary people to access previously exclusive goods and services. People would spend lavishly regardless of the fact that it wasn't realistic for their income. They believed this time would last forever.
The Aftermath of the Bubble: Reality Bites
The illusion of prosperity shattered when the bubble burst. Even employees of prominent companies like Sony faced job insecurity. Homeowners found their property values plummeting while their loan obligations remained fixed. Salaries stagnated, bonuses decreased, and the overall economic environment deteriorated.
In this changed landscape, individuals felt compelled to work harder to prove their value, but the unfavorable environment hindered their efforts. Employees resorted to excessive overtime, creating a competitive atmosphere where even unproductive hours were spent at the office to avoid being perceived as dispensable. This created an unhealthy work environment.
"Lying Flat" as a Response to "Internal Roll"
The transcript explores that "lying flat" is a potential solution to "internal roll." It involves reducing one's desires and aspirations to the bare minimum. Instead of striving for material success or career advancement, proponents of "lying flat" focus on basic needs and seek contentment in simple pleasures, avoiding the pressures and anxieties of competitive society.
Government Intervention and the Attempt to Redistribute the Cake
Realizing the potential consequences of widespread "lying flat," the Japanese government took steps to address the underlying issues. Efforts were made to support the elderly, improve medical care, and enhance education. The aim was to alleviate young people's anxieties about the future by providing a safety net and ensuring that basic needs were met.
Recognizing that the core problem was an insufficient "cake" to satisfy everyone's aspirations, the government implemented reforms to regulate labor practices, taxation, and related laws. The minimum wage was increased, and efforts were made to promote a more equitable distribution of wealth. The Japanese government sought to re-divide the cake, creating a more balanced and sustainable society.
A Culture of Acceptance and Contentment
The transcript suggests that a cultural shift has occurred in Japan, where people have become more accepting of an ordinary life. The emphasis has shifted from relentless pursuit of success to finding contentment in everyday experiences. Individuals pursue personal interests, such as sports, art, and hobbies, without the pressure to excel or achieve high status.
The story is told of one man in the industry who said that if you try too hard, you'll be knocked down. The general population doesn't seem to want to spend energy for the sake of status.
The Importance of Predictable Income and Social Equality
The author suggests that the lack of "faith culture" in Japan, is driven by a society that isn't equal. He argues that life is full of ups and downs, but the Japanese people seek a clear and predictable income. The author argues that this causes them to be less willing to make more efforts.
The key takeaway is that when a group of people is having a hard time due to the environment, they'll either compete or go somewhere else, but they will never give up because life will find a way out. Hard work isn't wrong, but neither is being ordinary.
The author ends with the knowledge that after Japan experienced a bubble, they rolled and lay flat, but this doesn't affect later people who still work hard for a happy life.
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