The Preservation of Chinese Culture and Education in Malaysia
This article explores the unique preservation of Chinese language and culture in Malaysia, examining the historical factors, educational system, and sociopolitical dynamics that contribute to this phenomenon. We are honored to have Mr. Chen Jingsong, a graduate of Taiwan National Political University's News Department and a columnist for the Eastern Daily in Malaysia, share his insights.
The Strength of Chinese-Language Education in Malaysia
Malaysia boasts a robust Chinese-language education system, considered by many to be among the most complete outside of China. This is evidenced by the fact that Malaysian students seeking to study in China often are exempt from Chinese-language proficiency tests. Unlike some other countries with large Chinese populations, Chinese language and culture have thrived in Malaysia.
Historical Roots and the "Chinese Religious Fighters"
The preservation of Chinese culture in Malaysia is not accidental. It is the result of dedicated efforts by earlier generations, particularly figures like Ling Lian Yu, Lin Huangsheng, Mu Yi, and Lu Qingyu, often referred to as "Chinese religious fighters." In the early days of Malaysia's independence, the ruling party, United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), advocated for Malay-centric policies in education.
These "Chinese religious fighters" resisted these policies, advocating for the continued use of Chinese in education. They faced significant challenges, including imprisonment, and their sacrifices were crucial in securing the opportunity for the development of Chinese education in Malaysia.
The Struggle for Recognition and the Development of "Single Education"
Even as a colony, attempts were made to diminish the use of Chinese. The 8N Report Book and later the Lhasa Report Book, promoted English and Malay while seeking to eliminate other languages, including Chinese. Despite these challenges, the Chinese community persevered. They focused on self-development. Today, this legacy continues through "single education" institutions, which aim to provide a complete Chinese education system, even though they lack a university. There are over 60 Chinese-based middle schools.
Racial Dynamics and the Challenges of Integration
The article highlights the complex racial dynamics in Malaysia. The historical dominance of Malay-centric policies has led to certain social and political tensions. Early attempts to create integrated schools (Hongyuan School) with Malay, Chinese, and Indian students on the same campus ultimately failed due to racial issues.
While racism is considered less prevalent in East Malaysia, the political landscape in West Malaysia is often marked by racialized politics. There are some topics that is regarded as a sensitive topic that people cannot discuss publicly. For example, the issue about the right of the royal family.
The Importance of Mother Tongue Education
The speaker emphasizes the importance of mother tongue education, arguing that it is fundamental to cultural identity. They believe that children learn more effectively when taught in their mother tongue. The speaker stresses that knowing languages like Malay, English, and Chinese does not hinder a child's study. They believe that sacrificing a mother tongue will sacrifice the culture.
Furthermore, the speaker argues that education should not be used for political purposes.
The Maocao Action and its Impact
The Maocao Action in the 1980s provides a specific example of the challenges faced by Chinese education in Malaysia. The government's attempt to appoint non-Chinese-speaking administrators to Chinese primary schools sparked widespread protests. The government responded by arresting many people involved. Despite the challenges, these actions demonstrate the community's commitment to protecting its language and culture.
The Economic Influence of the Chinese Community
The article also acknowledges the significant economic contribution of the Chinese community to Malaysia. It states that Malaysia would not have reached its current level of development without the contributions of Chinese people.
The Shifting Demographics and Political Landscape
The discussion also addresses the changing demographics of Malaysia, with a lower birth rate among Chinese Malaysians compared to Malay Malaysians. This shift raises questions about political representation and the balance of power.
The division of the Malay political parties (Wu Tong's split) has changed the power dynamic and give the Chinese community the power to unite and vote for a party. The politics in Malaysia is very racialized. This means it is easier to win votes when it is very racialized.
Contemporary Issues and Political Politicization
The article touches on contemporary issues, such as the controversy surrounding halal certification for restaurants. The requirement for restaurants to apply for a visa if they do not sell pork is seen by some as an unnecessary restriction and an example of the politicization of race.